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一、 名 词
4 a# `! } M# x1 R6 V* C表现某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不成数名词。9 F9 Z) l @/ X+ e
夸大：不成数名词都默以为单数，所以老是用is或者was；最好不要依据some、any、a lot of等词往作判
6 ?$ w$ T$ t9 h$ J& r2 A: o3 e断，以免受误导。
8 [/ o0 c Q2 ~9 x1、可数名词若何变“复数情势”：
3 p+ _" m; |+ B' T& ya．一般情形下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；读音３庠疱子音后读<strike>，浊子音和 ' Y1 P" ^7 F4 X+ h/ F
元音后读[z]。$ F, D @" w' J
b．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；读音：[iz]。
+ T5 \1 F8 `; g+ e' dc．以“子音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries ；读音：[z]。, i2 e2 j p6 ]
d．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves；读音：[z]。
4 p; Z# x7 a* z, ve．以“o”结尾的词，分两种情形 ( v# }5 u: p# A: A
1）有性命的+es 读音：[z] 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes ) @2 L9 I' A- D/ i! }' L8 x
2) 无性命的+s 读音：[z] 如：photo-photos radio-radios 3 r z0 _9 r1 |: D
f. 不规矩名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, s6 {. {% m8 U3 X$ F' ~ J# a$ [
snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish,
" Q+ w- A7 X% ipeople-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese # m# ~+ _8 P5 ?) G% U" z
2、不成数名词没有复数。假如要盘算不成数名词所表达的数目，就得在数词和不成数名词之间加上“量 - z, @+ R0 x/ Y2 E5 b* {
词+of”。例如：a glass of water, a piece of ***, a bottle of juice9 P$ j$ o6 e% p0 M8 l
判定步调：
g0 j" y7 R2 W7 t1 |* v$ ^5 r ↗如是am、is或was→本相
" R% B3 z+ l3 f6 p! F6 u# F读句子→读该单词→熟悉该单词→懂得意思→看be动词! f& T0 g6 h2 t% E& |
↘如是are或were→加s或es; I O+ q2 P! F1 V$ I3 s
练一练：2 n6 s: `' T6 z" B. ^- T. u
1、写出下列各词的复数。
, p' _. E5 T6 I) [# \! tI _________ him _________ this _______ her ______ watch _______ mango_______child _______ photo ________ diary ______ day________ foot________ dress ________ tooth_______
" c' F& o. @! U% Z8 U3 \sheep ______ box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______ engineer______ peach______ 0 O. x! `+ d' g3 [
sandwich ______ man______ woman_______ leaf_______ people________
6 r: q- z$ o6 l2、用所给名词的┞俘确情势填空。
! }1 t; y2 M6 F! C& c% h（1）Are there two ( box ) on the table? N: j! J5 s0 ?5 g% T3 s4 r
（2）I can see some ( people ) in the cinema.9 W: Q! c# M* O7 v( }$ a+ Y
（3）How many ( day ) are there in a week?& x6 X% Q s7 D; G$ D7 ?: a
（4）Here’re five ( bottle ) of ( juice ) for you.
, O5 u) m7 z) k" G（5）This ( violin ) is hers. Those ( grape ) are over there.
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, w- M; A r# t; U( W二、冠 词 - o5 v6 H& ?% h% Q! b1 i# l
冠词是一种虚词，不克不及自力应用，凡是放在名词的前面，分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。 \" s, L0 ]0 Y R! L& t$ c5 x
1、不定冠词：a、an。用在单数名词前，表现“一个，一件……”。an用在以元音“音素”开首的单词前。如： 7 D. S% m1 f$ Y, n4 z/ y& o
an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour…
. I7 ~5 r; m) Y& M. c# k1 }2、定冠词：the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。它的基础用法：4 X2 r9 i5 w" E) q4 b" L4 ]$ _
（1）用来表现特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：The map on the wall is new.
1 O k( U: q, r% _4 D （2）表现措辞者两边都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture, please.7 P3 w0 _# n' T ]
（3）表现再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.3 x0 \: t: H/ b) Y2 q; q, x
（4）用在表现世界上并世无双的事物前。如：the sun太阳 the moon月亮 the earth地球1 i5 A! x0 a/ s- {) Q( _, g
（5）用在由通俗名词组成的专著名词前。如：the Great Wall长城4 B2 V+ b- A, x6 @: l! w; @9 R
（6）用在江河、湖海等专著名词前。如：the Changjiang River长江
7 M0 G8 ^7 }! G, e$ e4 }- |' N （7）此外，序数词、形容词第一流、乐器名称档故前面和一些习习用语中一般都用定冠词the。如： ( k8 C6 c( _/ ^- e
the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class
; ~2 E4 v1 v+ Z1 Q/ |9 y8 _断定用a、an仍是the时可依据汉语意思。$ {. @( y; v7 @9 N& n( z' c, b' V
练一练：8 l. l! d$ \0 S: r# P
1、用a或an填空。
! X% Z+ p+ L+ D ____ “U” ____ ice-cream ____ goalkeeper ____ teapot ____apple* A% B" p8 n5 E$ `. n3 s
____office ____English book ____umbrella ____unit ____hour " s) m1 d$ z. u% M
2、依据须要，填写冠词a，an或the。9 _8 \& l- J* T- z1 p5 s$ N# v
（1）Who is ____girl behind ____tree?
" a. {" w! ^3 E, B2 _ O（2） ____old man has two children, ____ son and ____daughter., ?9 j: h: c, i1 L2 j2 @4 N
（3）This is ____ orange. ____ orange is Lucy’s.5 s$ Z2 e$ _' B2 Y" L d8 D
（4）He likes playing ____guitar. We have ____same hobby.
( j' N; O& [4 ]# V（5）We all had____good time last Sunday.1 R. [( D. ?( w3 X* g- e
（6）She wants to be____doctor. 1 o" }# b/ j" b3 Q, l$ R: p
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& I% }/ t# n1 f0 F4 M三， 数 词 # |* U9 u% Y4 `% I
我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表现数目几多，而基数词用于表现顺序，常在日期中呈现。差别：基数词前面没有“the”；序数词前必定要有“the”。
2 b$ t: J1 H# Y$ x& \9 w1、跨越二十以上的两位数须要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如：21 twenty-one1 E' I, `& N+ {8 x% ]# V! d! T
2、三位数以上的则须要在百位数后再加上and。如：101 a/one hundred and one
[# x9 J6 q2 @3 m, E3、用基数词来润饰可数名词时，必定别忘了它的复数情势。如：十八个男孩 eighteen boys
4 Q6 c5 w$ K2 V d4、用基数词润饰不成数名词时，如是复数，变它的量词为复数。 . C* F$ E3 z3 A7 z2 _/ G4 j
如：两碗米饭 two bowls of rice
7 B5 _2 L0 A2 |5 \# N5、序数词一般加“th”，特别的有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及二十及二
& V; Y6 f' D5 L5 }" s$ z; D十以外的┞符十：twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth… “第几十几”３庠鸢面整十不变，后面“几”改为序 ) c2 j, O& }7 B2 F2 x2 ~
数词。如：88 eighty-eighth
4 @# N& K; Z2 o" h4 ?5 A+ n) Y练一练：
$ S$ o5 f% Y3 C1 B, @( ] I7 E( V: s1、请翻译下列短语。
3 m& s8 N: M9 h, `（1）60论理学生 （2）15本英语书
' \% J* F: f0 N5 W2 S2 ^（3）九杯凉水 （4）4个孩子 + k0 U4 H& z9 V' H
（5）12月31 （6）6月2日
1 k( r/ j" o% c/ U（7）第九周 （8）40年前
u6 Z9 K& ~# B! I/ A（9）11+7 （10）上学第一天
4 m( [5 K$ w/ |: b2、把下列基数词改成序数词。/ `7 m: W7 L4 _! g; l, [
one--- two--- three--- nine--- 5 A; D( d+ _& i# v6 p9 }
fourteen--- twenty--- thirty-five--- eighty-one) J) c) X& |+ q3 n s9 y2 S) U
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, c K, v. s5 {9 Y; i' b w四、代 词
5 v+ i/ L. d* a$ C! c! |" q: g$ c9 B代词有两种：人称代词和物主代词。
- i7 P1 }+ L+ x4 X1、人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。
/ {5 X, [! T! q. F2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格在句中做宾语，多 " s5 }4 o0 e# T0 ]) }8 b
用于动词、介词后。
# o, E- D4 I+ u" S3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的感化，后面必定要跟名词，表现该名词是属于谁的。( M1 d8 K6 \; v; d" c
4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如：2 O. I, D" Y) K B" E, r+ o A
This is my bag. = This is mine. That is her ruler. = That is hers.) {; E9 y" Y& g, \$ d
一般看后面有没著名词，若有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。& z* f0 I$ q2 h6 W5 J# ]
请服膺下表：
2 Q! G8 Q& X. Z' f3 H# s5 k 3 C8 O# {" p" w: ` O) U0 G
$ |/ ]* s c4 s2 J: l- S" Y0 m+ q单数
+ V( W! V; ^* d! O! _/ n$ K/ y复数 2 e# [, k" x) [4 u- v7 y
人称 代词 E* l. |$ {! K2 {, C4 e2 L
主格 E4 n( l# L% ?5 `. R/ P
I $ ]" v. K% F$ S3 g: i, Z9 u
you
* z7 [/ n7 D( ?' o; zyou
$ l p0 ]2 l t+ ~6 _, C; i5 O( Xher
: h L1 w& S; |( K, A4 Sit
) r9 Q, @& f4 B* H+ }8 \us + B6 c! V( _8 N- R5 S) R$ H0 P# n
you
+ w* B2 q! s9 J) A* @4 ithem . H& b) W/ J$ P! D$ \. O4 c# _
my 9 I& U0 x1 p! y# [, F! A' M
your
0 r/ k6 l) B- h0 E! }/ R. k- i2 M) Ghis
" z' F% s5 p" g; Y% J7 }her . m4 m3 [* n- `9 W: Q0 r
your
: G y- t- I( \# B% N. l! S+ Tmine 8 w2 L' t9 Z7 S8 O+ h
hers ' [3 V- |6 a5 @4 e4 v9 o/ _
ours
& v6 a F1 M2 H6 J$ i* kyours " y5 ]* z) o! d) X9 d" {
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练一练：) r' J! S* j0 I7 E D3 t
1、按请求写出响应人称代词。% E& n+ W; }, H( K% p& Y. E
I（宾格）_______ she（形容词性物主代词）_______ we（名词性物主代词）_______
4 B) E7 i4 o, s$ Z. yhe（复数）_______ us（单数）_______ theirs（主格）_______ its（宾格）_______ 1 ^; d+ d0 |' i/ C" |/ B; n
2、想一想，把下表弥补完全。 * c# {! m' @2 ~, N7 e/ S3 l
4 O( L$ D/ h7 f' n6 y人称代词 ; y5 t0 G* l6 E# R( m
物主代词 . c% t" u6 J* J" I5 X
单数
& [- q/ R, u1 q9 _' f" f复数
& V: a o; }8 v+ e/ S( z1 f主格 ! k8 d7 n9 N g; z9 ?: n9 H
宾格
6 k- t+ u m7 F* m: x2 N. u名词性
% f6 ~9 V2 d }$ h, u) k0 z形容词性
% ^- S, N1 l9 n8 I. p名词性
$ ^" @% ?6 n. ~3 L! g第一人称 + i' D+ A- d1 L+ u' q0 w
* O0 K4 k Q7 I# A" I1 R8 B' |7 Y; h3 I# ume 8 c* l% l7 y, E2 S) P+ i
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our
q/ @( i, L. E K3 J/ R第二人称
3 S1 x3 F: l0 d+ ]- m) G9 V2 Pyou 1 H) [, ?9 E7 A n* Q% W" s9 w
you
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0 D8 P% A# R" o. X9 \# a1 ^第三人称 1 j5 V# k* H/ W1 ?# C" i# C0 N
he
+ i5 Z' d% j9 g5 D/ H. Y( rhis + d# y x* i2 U& w. Q! D
& \! P% _; n% y# z: Y. c9 H* B- ^
their # k& M% s" g2 G$ s& ]5 \ f! }% b
her " h# a, Q- ?- Q+ Y' }# H- t
3 `4 {0 f' F: s3 b! s' r7 p4 dit
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, k5 J$ H ?8 a4 o# N3、用所给词的恰当情势填空。* y5 M( X- t) m, V
1）That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )* j! d$ q2 F+ c- u0 |
2）The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she ) . ]- R4 }: o3 N5 @: W2 Y8 i6 \
3）Is this _________ watch? ( you ) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
! q: E& O2 n/ ?& e3 Z$ `7 J9 p4）_________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )
, e8 Z( `6 ~4 i$ J2 q( m+ J5）_________ dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are _________? ( you ) : U3 E% Y; {9 u6 o9 S8 p
6）Show _________ your kite, OK? ( they )
! L. R/ `" j i' m) A" l8 |. X( |2 z7）I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it )
. |3 N: d- L1 x7 j9 y( V8）Are these ________ tickets? No, ________ are not _________. ________ aren’t here. ( they )
1 W S: u5 n" n* ?9 u q$ D9）Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom. ( we )
6 ^9 }& b. L2 [6 \' L6 R( n( d3 `10）_________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job? _________is a nurse. ( she ) ' J: }! ] O- E; `& J
11）Where are _________? I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________ parents. ( they ) 4 D9 m1 Q9 } }8 l o8 \
12）Don’t touch _________. _________is not a cat, _________ is a tiger! ( it ) G3 t4 a5 f2 u2 W+ m5 h0 ~
13）_________ sister is ill. Please go and see _________. ( she ) - u* l' c) r. X( e5 y1 T' T
14）The girl behind _________ is our friend. ( she )
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. V C* [8 |8 p& m2 J五、形容词、副词
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% e% P* h) |' e" `6 c" X/ T. T: i; H2 ]1、形容词表现某一事物某人的特点，副词表现某一动作的特点。形容词和副词有三种情势：本相、比拟
: B. g" r4 f9 Y" X {( _级、第一流。比拟级：+er 第一流：the …+est ( i3 I" @' C/ T9 p
两个主要特点：as……as中心必定用本相，than的前面必定要+er。, y3 P! O' P- _: q9 H8 _
2、形容词、副词比拟级的规矩变更如下：( p6 z/ O% G0 S! U
（1）一般直接+er。如：tall - taller, fast - faster 单音节词假如以-e结尾，只加-r。如：late - later
. H2 h$ B& G J4 K, u3 c( R, r（2）重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个子音字母，须双写这个字母，再加-er。如：big - bigger, fat - fatter+ N1 A, B. \" o1 I6 k+ T
（3）以子音字母加-y结尾的词，变y为i，再加-er。如：heavy - heavier, early - earlier5 j0 d7 ^" `8 q1 k8 J
（4）双音节和多音节词的比拟级应在原级前加more组成。如：beautiful - more beautiful, 7 i2 U% L; s! k9 {* z# D/ q
careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting5 O7 r# {( J- }# H' q7 @
（5）有些不规矩变更的，须一一加以记忆。如：good/well – better, bad/ill – worse, many/much – more, far – farther/further, old – older/elder…' c% c$ k e1 Z* X' I% v
@' [; O) L; y
练一练：8 ] O, |9 a9 ]3 U# b1 f, J
1、写出下列形容词、副词的比拟级。; m0 [' I% E, g* g% k
big good long tall old - F: s9 i$ D. D6 x- i
short thin heavy young fat
( _8 E4 ~& v5 ~5 g+ ~% flight strong high far low
8 E/ A# v( y& O: W) searly late well fast slow
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2、用括号内乱所给单词的恰当情势填空。: a( o2 ^! W$ g/ q
1) I can swim as _______ ( fast ) as the fish, I think.2 n- {; |; ^8 m0 J5 K
2) Look! His hands are _______ ( big ) than mine.
9 d2 ^8 I$ A$ S- Y/ t3) I think you do these things_______ ( well ) than your classmates.
- ^; {) q# e$ n9 c$ h4) Whose bag is _______ ( heavy ), yours or mine?& ~& b, k0 x& {. E" ]9 ^6 W
5) Does Jim run as _______（slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs_______ ( slow ) than them.
, C/ u% h7 t( S6 }9 W6 q4 U6) You have seven books, but I have _______ ( many ) than you. I ha ve ten.
+ O5 _6 j6 i) V, M7) I jump _______ ( far ) than some of the boys in my class.
- A- U4 t: Z( ~1 p V8) I’m very_______ ( thin ), but she’s _______ ( thin ) than me.
! _. N* a- Y" e9 j! f9) It gets _______and_______ ( warm ) when spring comes here. * e, g0 N; m& X
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N, g9 D) u, }# X, o/ [* ?8 P }六、介 词
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1、一种虚词。不克不及零丁作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的宾语一路组成介词短语，才干在句子中起感化。
7 c! {/ g; M* G有：in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, ! x& N* j% g2 a1 q' r, F
from…to…, at the back of…
: e! _% f3 }; C1 z# k& k" z2、表现时光的介词有：at, on, in。（1）at表现“在某一个具体的时光点上”，或用在固定词组中。如：at ten $ B" d: t5 F" b; R9 Q& [
o’clock, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend…（2）on表现“在某日或某日的时光段”。如：on Friday, on the
0 N* Z: A8 H r' _& _" S# x7 J9 j) kfirst of October, on Monday morning…（3）in表现“在某一段时光（月份、季候）里”。如：in the afternoon, # `8 \0 C- C( Y& A" y$ R/ i. V
in September, in summer, in 2005…$ e) q7 _7 X& D
3、in一词还有其他的固定搭配，如：in blue（穿戴蓝色的衣服），in English（用英语表达），take part in（参
' ]4 R: v8 P3 @4 _8 |9 a6 Y2 R加）。& r, Q9 P; F0 {! ]4 ~. t* M
+ Y X& }, v( g
% i! q e) v' y1 U" ?' H+ T练一练：, x y6 E6 f9 X Y! [
1、选用括号内乱适当的介词填空。
: y1 k; Z! i3 q* w# D1) What’s this _______ ( at, on, in ) English?0 F8 Q; t/ S8 ~8 X+ p7 c
2) Christmas is _______ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.
6 d+ T: D: \) ]0 \* I `4 Y$ o3) The man_______ ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hai’s father.
4 v s- B0 F$ l( g9 [, L& J1 ]4) He doesn’t do well _______ ( at, on, in ) PE.
( R. F; f$ M' |6 _5 m5) Look at those birds _______ ( on, in ) the tree.
- f* A- l _7 F0 x' W$ _0 |$ b- O7 n6) We are going to meet _______ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop _______ ( at, on, in ) half past ten.9 b6 \9 d- n* N4 j( y
7) Is there a cat _______ ( under, behind, in ) the door?8 B' L$ l O4 X/ z
8) Helen’s writing *** is _______ ( in, in front of ) her computer.# z4 V5 B. _' }/ @; ]
9) We live _______ ( at, on, in ) a new house now.( M9 C, f$ Q. o O1 f3 }% i; P
10) Does it often rain _______ ( at, on, in ) spring there?
& f' e0 x7 {0 f2、圈出下列句子中应用不适当的介词，并将准确的谜底写在横线上。( \& q. \2 _& g1 e v( b
1) Jim is good in English and Maths. 2) The films were in the ground just now.
+ m# Z4 H4 Y' D5 w7 A3) They are talking to their plans. 4) How many students have their birthdays on May?
7 v$ x+ ~3 q6 C, X) S8 e! K5) Women’s Day is at the third of March. 6) I can jog to school on the morning.
7 g) k4 ^9 Q f4 c0 T, R3 N+ `3 U7) Did you water trees at the farm? 8) Can you come and help me on my English? 5 `; L' p# O2 V3 t
9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning. 10) What did you do on the Spring Festival? |
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发表于 2019-12-7 02:43:27
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